Daniele Conversi and Gorka Espiau Basque Peace Process
Introduction
The majority of peace processes around the world need to include all actors and parts involved in the conflict. The Basque peace process (BPP) is, however, remarkable as it provides a glimpse of a peace process in which one of the key actors, the central state, in particular the incumbent government, has been largely absent – at least in a formal capacity. The BPP can be said to have developed unilaterally as only the non-state armed group, ETA ( Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna , Homeland and Freedom), sat at the internationally led negotiating table pressured by a civil society that was firmly demanding an end to violence.
ETA’s decision to end its armed campaign should be comprehended in its relative longue durée and contextualised within the framework of deepening federalisation, successful socio-economic transformation, democratisation, and the concession of widening levels of autonomy within the Spanish state. These changes configured the emergence of a set of institutions, which granted a certain amount of power to the Basque nationalists, resulting in the development of new forms of multilevel local sovereignty and a successful cultural assertion and socio-economic transformation. This framework, we argue, was essential in the development of the broader BPP.
Source: www.academia.edu
Introduction
The majority of peace processes around the world need to include all actors and parts involved in the conflict. The Basque peace process (BPP) is, however, remarkable as it provides a glimpse of a peace process in which one of the key actors, the central state, in particular the incumbent government, has been largely absent – at least in a formal capacity. The BPP can be said to have developed unilaterally as only the non-state armed group, ETA ( Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna , Homeland and Freedom), sat at the internationally led negotiating table pressured by a civil society that was firmly demanding an end to violence.
ETA’s decision to end its armed campaign should be comprehended in its relative longue durée and contextualised within the framework of deepening federalisation, successful socio-economic transformation, democratisation, and the concession of widening levels of autonomy within the Spanish state. These changes configured the emergence of a set of institutions, which granted a certain amount of power to the Basque nationalists, resulting in the development of new forms of multilevel local sovereignty and a successful cultural assertion and socio-economic transformation. This framework, we argue, was essential in the development of the broader BPP.
Source: www.academia.edu
Introduction
The majority of peace processes around the world need to include all actors and parts involved in the conflict. The Basque peace process (BPP) is, however, remarkable as it provides a glimpse of a peace process in which one of the key actors, the central state, in particular the incumbent government, has been largely absent – at least in a formal capacity. The BPP can be said to have developed unilaterally as only the non-state armed group, ETA ( Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna , Homeland and Freedom), sat at the internationally led negotiating table pressured by a civil society that was firmly demanding an end to violence.
ETA’s decision to end its armed campaign should be comprehended in its relative longue durée and contextualised within the framework of deepening federalisation, successful socio-economic transformation, democratisation, and the concession of widening levels of autonomy within the Spanish state. These changes configured the emergence of a set of institutions, which granted a certain amount of power to the Basque nationalists, resulting in the development of new forms of multilevel local sovereignty and a successful cultural assertion and socio-economic transformation. This framework, we argue, was essential in the development of the broader BPP.
Source: www.academia.edu
Introduction
The majority of peace processes around the world need to include all actors and parts involved in the conflict. The Basque peace process (BPP) is, however, remarkable as it provides a glimpse of a peace process in which one of the key actors, the central state, in particular the incumbent government, has been largely absent – at least in a formal capacity. The BPP can be said to have developed unilaterally as only the non-state armed group, ETA ( Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna , Homeland and Freedom), sat at the internationally led negotiating table pressured by a civil society that was firmly demanding an end to violence.
ETA’s decision to end its armed campaign should be comprehended in its relative longue durée and contextualised within the framework of deepening federalisation, successful socio-economic transformation, democratisation, and the concession of widening levels of autonomy within the Spanish state. These changes configured the emergence of a set of institutions, which granted a certain amount of power to the Basque nationalists, resulting in the development of new forms of multilevel local sovereignty and a successful cultural assertion and socio-economic transformation. This framework, we argue, was essential in the development of the broader BPP.
Source: www.academia.edu